# DBT JRF 2020 — Question 57

Exam: DBT JRF 2020 · Section: B · Topic: Bioinformatics · Difficulty: Hard

## Question

Computational Prediction of protein folding assumes that

## Options

- **A.** folding takes place at the monomeric level
- **B.** contributions of Potential Energy parameters to fold stability are reliable
- **C.** the folded state is a global free energy minima
- **D.** all the given options are correct

## Answer

Option D

## Explanation

Synthetic (artificial) seeds are units for clonal propagation consisting of a somatic embryo encapsulated in a protective coating (typically calcium alginate, prepared by dropping the embryo suspension into $\text{CaCl}_2$ solution to form hydrogel beads). The somatic embryo (produced by somatic embryogenesis from any plant somatic cell) mimics a zygotic embryo morphologically (has shoot and root poles) and physiologically. Advantages: clonal propagation of elite/genetically identical plants; storage and transport of encapsulated embryos; inclusion of beneficial microbes (mycorrhizae, rhizobia) or nutrients in the encapsulant. Applications: orchids, carrot, celery, forest trees. Zygotic embryos, coconut fruit, and avocado seeds are NOT used for synthetic seed technology.

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