# DBT JRF 2022 — Question 69

Exam: DBT JRF 2022 · Section: B · Topic: Physiology › Sleep Physiology · Difficulty: Medium

## Question

Sleep loss may induce:

## Options

- **A.** increased learning ability and increased body weight.
- **B.** increased memory loss and reduced infection.
- **C.** increased memory retention, increased infection and reduced cognitive ability.
- **D.** increased memory loss, compromised immune system, and deceased cognitive ability.

## Answer

Option D

## Explanation

Effects of sleep deprivation: Sleep deprivation has multiple documented physiological and cognitive consequences: • Memory impairment: Sleep is essential for memory consolidation (hippocampal replay during slow-wave sleep; synaptic downscaling). Deprivation impairs declarative and procedural memory. • Compromised immune function: Reduced natural killer (NK) cell activity, lower cytokine production (IL-2, IL-6), increased susceptibility to infections. • Decreased cognitive ability: Impaired attention, working memory, executive function, decision-making, reaction time. • Hormonal disruption: Elevated cortisol, reduced growth hormone, increased appetite hormones (ghrelin up, leptin down) → weight gain risk. • Cardiovascular effects: Increased blood pressure, inflammation. All three listed effects (memory loss, compromised immunity, decreased cognitive ability) are documented consequences of sleep deprivation. Answer: Sleep deprivation causes increased memory loss, compromised immune function, and decreased cognitive ability.

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