Sleep loss may induce:
Sleep loss may induce:
Select an option to attempt
Correct Answer: Option D
Explanation
Effects of sleep deprivation:Sleep deprivation has multiple documented physiological and cognitive consequences:• Memory impairment: Sleep is essential for memory consolidation (hippocampal replay during slow-wave sleep; synaptic downscaling). Deprivation impairs declarative and procedural memory.• Compromised immune function: Reduced natural killer (NK) cell activity, lower cytokine production (IL-2, IL-6), increased susceptibility to infections.• Decreased cognitive ability: Impaired attention, working memory, executive function, decision-making, reaction time.• Hormonal disruption: Elevated cortisol, reduced growth hormone, increased appetite hormones (ghrelin up, leptin down) → weight gain risk.• Cardiovascular effects: Increased blood pressure, inflammation.All three listed effects (memory loss, compromised immunity, decreased cognitive ability) are documented consequences of sleep deprivation.Answer: Sleep deprivation causes increased memory loss, compromised immune function, and decreased cognitive ability.