A humanised antibody is one in which the
A humanised antibody is one in which the
Select an option to attempt
Correct Answer: Option D
Explanation
Humanised antibodies are engineered to minimise immunogenicity when used therapeutically in humans. The process (CDR grafting): Take the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs — the three hypervariable loops inandof heavy and light chains that directly contact antigen) from a MOUSE monoclonal antibody. Graft these mouse CDRs into a HUMAN antibody framework (FR) and constant regions. Result: ~95% human sequence, ~5% mouse sequence. Advantages: the therapeutic antibody retains the antigen-binding specificity of the original mouse antibody but is much less immunogenic in humans (reduces human anti-mouse antibody/HAMA response). Examples: trastuzumab (Herceptin), bevacizumab (Avastin), alemtuzumab. Further engineering: fully human antibodies (phage display — abciximab, adalimumab) have no mouse sequence.