Arrange the following chemical bonds/interactions in the order of their strengths in vacuum - Hydrogen bond, Covalent bond, van der Waals attraction…
Arrange the following chemical bonds/interactions in the order of their strengths in vacuum -Hydrogen bond, Covalent bond, van der Waals attraction and Ionic bond:
Select an option to attempt
Correct Answer: Option A
Explanation
Ranking of bond strengths (in vacuum):Approximate bond energies:• Covalent bonds: ~200–500 kJ/mol (e.g., C-C = 347 kJ/mol, C=C = 614 kJ/mol)• Ionic interactions: ~250 kJ/mol (in vacuum; much weaker in aqueous solution due to dielectric screening)• Hydrogen bonds: ~12–29 kJ/mol per bond• Van der Waals interactions: ~0.1–10 kJ/mol per contactOrder in vacuum: Covalent > Ionic > Hydrogen bonds > van der WaalsIn water: Ionic interactions are greatly weakened (wherefor water), often comparable to or weaker than multiple hydrogen bonds collectively.Answer: Covalent > Ionic > Hydrogen bonds > Van der Waals (in vacuum, as typically listed in biochemistry textbooks).