Enzymes bind their substrates via
Enzymes bind their substrates via
Select an option to attempt
Correct Answer: Option A
Explanation
Enzyme–substrate recognition involves multiple complementary forces acting simultaneously: (1) Shape complementarity — the active site shape precisely matches the substrate (lock-and-key model) or adjusts upon binding (induced-fit model, e.g. hexokinase); (2) Hydrogen bonds — between polar groups on enzyme and substrate; (3) Hydrophobic interactions — non-polar substrate regions bury in hydrophobic pockets; (4) Electrostatic/ionic interactions — charged groups attract oppositely charged substrate; (5) Van der Waals forces — short-range attractive forces at close contact. All of the listed options (shape complementarity, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds) contribute — hence 'all of the given options are correct.'