In an exponentially growing batch culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the cell density is 30 gL^{-1} (DCW), the specific growth rate ( \mu ) is 0.4…
In an exponentially growing batch culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the cell density is 30(DCW), the specific growth rate () is 0.4and substrate uptake rate (q) is 18. The cell yield coefficientwill be
Select an option to attempt
Correct Answer: Option D
Explanation
Vaccines can be classified by the antigen used: Whole-pathogen vaccines (attenuated/inactivated): Oral Polio Vaccine/OPV (Sabin) = live-attenuated poliovirus; Hepatitis A vaccine (Havrix, Vaqta) = inactivated HAV; Rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix, RotaTeq) = live-attenuated rotavirus strains. Tetanus vaccine = tetanus TOXOID (formaldehyde-inactivated tetanus toxin/exotoxin) — NOT a whole pathogen. Toxoid vaccines (tetanus, diphtheria) use only the inactivated toxic protein, not the bacterium itself. Therefore tetanus vaccine does NOT belong to the 'whole pathogen attenuated/inactivated' category.